Starting September 1st, 2025, Egypt will embark on a significant transformation in its labor framework with the introduction of Labor Law No. 14 of 2025. This will replace the longstanding Law No. 12 of 2003. The comprehensive reform goes beyond merely updating legislation; it reshapes the employer-employee relationship to better suit the demands of a modern and evolving economy.

Egypt's burgeoning economy is seeing a profound demographic shift that is quietly reshaping the foundations of its workforce. Generation Z, a large and a growing part of Egypt’s young population, is on the cusp of becoming the dominant force in the labor market. With so many Egyptians under 25, their projected entry into the workforce brings unparalleled dynamism, but it also presents unique challenges.

While Egypt’s economy often draws attention for its large infrastructure and booming tech sector, a vital yet overlooked part of the economy persists quietly: domestic work. Rooted in informal and traditional hiring practices, this sector faces challenges, including lack of transparency and workers’ protection.

The unemployment rate in Egypt recorded 6.6% of the total labor force in 2024, slipping by 0.4% from 2023.

Egypt’s labor market is undergoing a structural transformation as technology and automation continue to reshape employment patterns, phasing out routine roles while generating new, digitally-driven opportunities. The shift is pushing both public and private sectors to invest in digital education and reskilling to prepare for a tech-oriented economy.

Egypt's unemployment rate decreased to 6.4% of the total labor force in the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2024, down 0.3% from the previous quarter.

The unemployment rate in Egypt declined to 6.5% in the second quarter (Q2) of 2024 from 6.7% in Q1.

Greece is set to assign temporary farming jobs to Egyptian workers this summer to address a labor shortage in its farming sector.

Egypt stands as a major labor exporter, shaping a powerhouse workforce abroad, particularly in the Arab World, North America, and Europe. In this context, Egypt has been enhancing its Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system, a vibrant step towards meeting the skills needed for a competitive global labor market. By developing TVET, Egypt not only addresses boosting labor exports but also confronts unemployment.

The unemployment rate in Egypt rose to 7.1% during the third quarter (Q3) of 2023, inching up by 0.1% quarter-on-quarter (QoQ).

Egypt aims to provide about 800,000 new job opportunities during the current fiscal year (FY) 2023/2024, Minister of Planning and Economic Development Hala Elsaid revealed.

In Egypt, women make up nearly half of the country’s population, playing a notable role in the state’s economy. However, women have not shown their full potential, and their efforts are not fairly reflected in the country's economic growth. Therefore, the country is working on embracing their potential and talents to be a significant economic contributor.